====== Information ======

  * Ubuntu Server
  * https://ubuntu.com/server

  * Alira = Dell Precision M6500 ((Legacy/MBR))

  25.10 (Questing Quokka)

====== Download ======

  * https://ubuntu.com/download/server
  * https://releases.ubuntu.com/

  ubuntu-25.10-live-server-amd64.iso

====== Installation Notes ======

===== Network =====

  * Subnet: ''192.168.1.0/24''

====== Software ======

===== Update =====

==== System ====

****

  sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y && sudo apt clean && sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sync

==== Snaps ====

****

  sudo snap refresh && sync

==== Firmware ====

****

  sudo fwupdmgr refresh --force && sudo fwupdmgr update --verbose && sync

===== General =====

****

  sudo apt install --install-recommends htop lm-sensors

====== Settings ======

===== lm_sensors =====

****

  sudo sensors-detect --auto

===== Time =====

****

  sudo timedatectl set-timezone 'America/New_York' && sudo timedatectl 'set-ntp' 'true' && timedatectl status

===== Uncomplicated Firewall =====

  * Allows SSH on [[#network|LAN]]
  * See [[linux:notes:ufw_uncomplicated_firewall|ufw]] for more notes

  sudo ufw reset && sudo ufw default 'deny' && sudo ufw logging 'off' && sudo ufw allow from '192.168.1.0/24' to 'any' port '22' proto 'tcp' && sudo ufw enable && sudo systemctl enable 'ufw'

  sudo ufw status

====== Boot Loader ======

  * [[linux:notes:kernel_parameters|More Kernel Parameters]]

===== Alira =====

==== modprobe.d ====

  * [[linux;notes;modprobe.d_tweaks#alira|Notes]]

==== GRUB ====

  * ''GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX='' (not default)

  sudo -e '/etc/default/grub' && sudo update-grub

<code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""</code>

<code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="x"</code>

<code>acpi_osi='Linux' reboot='pci' hibernate='no' preempt='full' iommu='pt' pci='pcie_bus_perf' drm_kms_helper.poll='0' drm_kms_helper.fbdev_emulation='0' rootflags='data=writeback' workqueue.default_affinity_scope='cpu' nomodeset modprobe.blacklist='amdgpu'</code>

====== Drive Maintenance ======

===== Trim =====

  sudo systemctl enable 'fstrim.timer' --now

  sudo systemctl start 'fstrim' && sync && sudo systemctl status 'fstrim' -l

  sudo fstrim -v -a

====== Tweaks ======

===== fstab =====

****

  sudo -e '/etc/fstab'

==== ext4 ====

  * ''/ type ext4''
  * :!: ''data=writeback'' requires it in [[#grub|GRUB]] too

  ,data=writeback,nobarrier

====== Automatic Updates ======

===== Service =====

  sudo -e '/etc/systemd/system/ubuntu-up.service'

<code>
[Service]
Type=oneshot

ExecStartPre='/usr/bin/apt' autoremove -y

ExecStart='/usr/bin/apt' clean
ExecStart='/usr/bin/apt' update
ExecStart='/usr/bin/apt' full-upgrade -y

ExecStart='/usr/bin/snap' refresh

ExecStartPost='/usr/bin/journalctl' --vacuum-time='1s' --rotate
ExecStartPost='/usr/bin/systemctl' daemon-reload
ExecStartPost='/usr/bin/sync'
ExecStartPost='/usr/bin/systemctl' reboot

# End</code>

===== Timer =====

  * Daily ''06:00:00 AM'' (Alira)

  sudo -e '/etc/systemd/system/ubuntu-up.timer' && sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl enable 'ubuntu-up.timer' --now

<code>
[Unit]
Description=Ubuntu OS Updater
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* 06:00:00
Persistent=true

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

# End</code>

  sudo systemctl start 'ubuntu-up'

====== External Backup ======

  * :!: 2023/05/04: This hasn't been used for years and likely needs re-factored

===== fstab =====

  * Expects a drive of some kind with a XFS partition at ''/dev/sdb1''

  sudo mkdir -p '/mnt/USB' && sudo -e '/etc/fstab'

<code>
# USB
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/USB xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 2</code>

  sudo mount '/dev/sdb1'

===== Service =====

  sudo -e '/etc/systemd/system/backup-external.service' && sudo sed -i 's/CHANGEME/'$USER'/g' '/etc/systemd/system/backup-external.service'

<code>
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStartPre='/usr/bin/sync'
ExecStart='/usr/bin/rsync' -r '/home/CHANGEME/backups' '/mnt/USB' --verbose --ignore-existing
ExecStartPost='/usr/bin/sync'</code>

===== Timer =====

  sudo -e '/etc/systemd/system/backup-external.timer' && sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl enable 'backup-external.timer' --now

<code>
[Unit]
Description=Backup Backups to External Device

[Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* 07:00:00
Persistent=true

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target</code>

====== Notable Folders and Commands ======

  * See [[linux;notes;misc]]