Differences

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--- notes:drive_wipe [2020/12/01 09:05] – Sean Rhone
+++ notes:drive_wipe [2023/09/08 20:32] – Sean Rhone
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Nightwane ======
+====== Information ======
-===== sda =====
+  * Quick-commands to wipe drives and clear EFI variables
+  * Notably performs full-drive TRIMs for SSDs ([[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Solid_state_drive/Memory_cell_clearing|ArchWiki]])
+  * Useful to perform before OS installations
-  * If ''119.2G'', is Linux main
+  * Ideally use [[distros:opensuse_tumbleweed_gnome#xfce|openSUSE Tumbleweed's latest XFCE image]] on LiveUSB due to it having up-to-date tools, a GUI, and USB data persistence ((can copy a command into Terminal and run it on one machine, boot the drive on another machine, and use Terminal history to re-run the command; it's quite convenient :p))
-  * If ''119.2G'', is SATA SSD
-  * See [[#sda1]]
-===== sdb =====
+====== Tools ======
-  * If ''931.5G'', is Windows storage
+<code>sudo zypper install 'nvme-cli' -y && sync</code>
-  * If ''931.5G'', is SATA HDD
-  * :!: Do not wipe this
-  * See [[#sdb1]]
-===== sdc =====
+<code>sudo apt install 'nvme-cli' -y && sync</code>
-  * If ''465.8G'', is Windows main
+<code>sudo dnf install nvme-cli hdparm -y && sync</code>
-  * If ''465.8G'', is SATA SSD
-  * See [[#sdc1]]
-====== Generic ======
+====== Suspend/Wake ======
-===== Tools =====
+  * Some motherboard firmware lock/freeze drives, and prevents some wipe commands from working
+  * Unlocking drives can be done with a suspend and wake
+  * :!: This applies to both SATA and NVMe drives
-<code>sudo zypper install 'nvme-cli' -y && sync</code>
+<code>sync && systemctl suspend</code>
-<code>sudo apt install 'nvme-cli' -y && sync</code>
+====== lsblk ======
-<code>sudo dnf install 'hdparm' -y && sync</code>
+  * :!: **Always** check before running anything
+  * :!: Assume nothing; all commands below are **immediately destructive** on the block device they're ran on
-===== EFI Variables =====
+<code>lsblk</code>
+====== EFI Variables ======
 ****
 <code>sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync && sudo efibootmgr -v</code>
+====== Drive Wipe ======
+===== Notes =====
+==== 4K Sectors ====
+  * https://steamcommunity.com/discussions/forum/1/4739473745776804012/?tscn=1641033020#c3203747342915419588
+  * https://steamcommunity.com/discussions/forum/1/3203745634155479256
+  * :!: Steam and Oculus were **known** to be broken with 4K sector size on Windows 11
+  * Steam and Oculus work fine with 4K sector size on Windows 10 LTSC 2021 and Linux
+  * iTunes possibly fails with 4K sectors due to Bonjour and dnssd.dll ([[https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/setting-4k-sector-size-on-nvme-ssds-does-performance-actually-change.289757/page-3#post-4981622|thread]])
+  * See [[#sector_size]] to check or switch to available sector disk formats
 ===== nvme0 =====
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync && sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
+  * :!: This is using LBA Format ''1'' for 4K sector size
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync && sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='1' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
-<code>sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync</code>
-<code>sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync && sudo efibootmgr -v</code>
+<code>sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='1' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/nvme0n1'</code>
+==== 512e ====
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync && sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
+<code>sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sync</code>
+===== nvme1 =====
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme1n1' && sync && sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme1' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme1n1' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme1' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/nvme1n1'</code>
 ===== sda =====
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sda' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sda' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sda' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sda' && sync</code>
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sda' && sync</code>
@@ Line 56: / Line 89: @@
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sda' && sync</code>
-<code>sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync && sudo efibootmgr -v</code>
+<code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/sda'</code>
 ===== sdb =====
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sdb' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdb' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sdb' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdb' && sync</code>
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sync</code>
@@ Line 68: / Line 101: @@
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sync</code>
-<code>sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync && sudo efibootmgr -v</code>
+<code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/sdb'</code>
 ===== sdc =====
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sdc' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdc' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sdc' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdc' && sync</code>
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sync</code>
@@ Line 80: / Line 113: @@
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sync</code>
-<code>sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync && sudo efibootmgr -v</code>
+<code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/sdc'</code>
 ===== sdd =====
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sdd' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdd' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code>
-<code>sudo blkdiscard --verbose '/dev/sdd' && sync</code>
+<code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdd' && sync</code>
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sync</code>
@@ Line 92: / Line 125: @@
 <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdd' && sync</code>
-<code>sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync && sudo efibootmgr -v</code>
+<code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/sdd'</code>
+====== Sector Size ======
+  * https://community.wd.com/t/sn550-why-it-uses-512b-sector-instead-of-4096/250724
+  * https://filers.blogspot.com/2018/12/how-to-format-nvme-drive.html
+  * https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanced_Format
+  * https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/562571/switching-hdd-sector-size-to-4096-bytes
+  * https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Advanced_Sector_Format_of_Block_Devices
+===== NVMe =====
+<code>sudo nvme id-ns '/dev/nvme0' --namespace-id='1' --human-readable</code>
+<code>sudo smartctl --all '/dev/nvme0'</code>
+===== sda =====
+<code>sudo smartctl --all '/dev/sda1'</code>
+<code>sudo hdparm --set-sector-size '4096' '/dev/sda'</code>