Differences

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--- notes:misc_linux [2024/01/24 11:23] – [Fedora Anaconda] Sean Rhone
+++ notes:misc_linux [2024/08/13 17:53] (current) – removed Sean Rhone
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Information ======
-  * Miscellaneous commands, paths, info, and syntax for Linux
-  * Most of this was previously under the "Notable Folders and Commands" section at the bottom of distro notes
-====== Extract ISO ======
-  * ''D'' is the destination you want the extracted files to go
-  * ''x'' is the ISO you want to extract files from
-  * No space after the ''-o'' flag is intentional
-  * This is primarily useful for copying Windows ISO images to a FAT32 flash drive
-z x -o'D' -y x
-z x -o'/run/media/espionage724/LTSC 2019' -y '/home/espionage724/Downloads/en_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x64_dvd_be3c8ffb.iso' && sync && sync
-====== youtube-dl ======
-  * :!: TODO: Switch to yt-dlp https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp
-===== Download =====
-****
-  rm -f '/tmp/youtube-dl' && wget -O '/tmp/youtube-dl' 'https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl' && chmod +x '/tmp/youtube-dl'
-===== Show Formats =====
-  * Change ''x'' to a URL
-  '/tmp/youtube-dl' --list-formats x
-===== Download Media =====
-  * Change ''x'' to a URL
-  * ''bestaudio'' can be changed to ''bestvideo'' for just video, or ''best'' for best video with audio
-  '/tmp/youtube-dl' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' x
-==== M4A Audio ====
-  * Ideally for if iOS devices will be involved
-  '/tmp/youtube-dl' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' --audio-format 'm4a' x
-==== MP3 Audio ====
-****
-  '/tmp/youtube-dl' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' --audio-format 'mp3' x
-====== Shortcuts ======
-  /usr/share/applications
-  ~/.local/share/applications
-====== Icons ======
-  /usr/share/icons/hicolor
-  ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor
-====== Fedora ======
-===== Anaconda Module Blacklists =====
-****
-  sudo -e '/etc/modprobe.d/anaconda-blacklist.conf'
-===== YUM/DNF Repos =====
-****
-  gio open '/etc/yum.repos.d'
-===== DNF History =====
-==== Transaction IDs ====
-****
-  sudo dnf history
-==== Undo ====
-  * Change ''x'' to a transaction ID found above
-  sudo dnf history undo x
-===== DNF Autoremove Fix =====
-  * Removes the initially-installed kernel in order to fix ''dnf autoremove'' if it's broken
-  * :!: This will vary depending on the Fedora image version used
-  sudo dnf list --installed 'kernel'*
-  sudo dnf remove *5.3.7* && sync
-====== openSUSE ======
-===== Zypper =====
-==== Find Orphans ====
-****
-  zypper packages --orphaned
-==== Remove Package and Deps ====
-****
-  sudo zypper remove --clean-deps 'x'
-==== Show Installed Patterns ====
-****
-  sudo zypper patterns --installed-only
-==== Folder ====
-****
-  ls '/etc/zypp/repos.d'
-==== List ====
-****
-  zypper repos --priority
-====== Firewalld ======
-===== List Active Rules =====
-****
-  sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
-===== List Available Services =====
-****
-  sudo firewall-cmd --get-services
-===== Show Service Info =====
-  * Change ''x'' to name of a service from above
-  * This shows what ports and protocols a service covers
-  sudo firewall-cmd --info-service=x
-===== Reload =====
-****
-  sudo firewall-cmd --reload
-===== Add/Remove Service =====
-  * Add ''--permanent'' as-needed to allow the rule to persist
-  sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=x
-  sudo firewall-cmd --remove-service=x
-===== Add/Remove Port =====
-  * Add ''--permanent'' as-needed to allow the rule to persist
-  * Change ''tcp'' to ''udp'' as-needed
-  sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=x/tcp
-  sudo firewall-cmd --remove-port=x/tcp
-====== PipeWire ======
-===== Set Default Rate =====
-  mkdir -p ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d' && nano ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'
-<code>
-context.properties = {
-    default.clock.rate          = 192000
-    default.clock.allowed-rates = [ 44100 48000 88200 96000 192000 ]
-}</code>
-===== User Config =====
-  * Copy main config to user folder
-  mkdir -p ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d' && cp '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf' ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'
-  nano ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'
-===== Read Main Config =====
-  * [[https://github.com/PipeWire/pipewire/blob/master/src/daemon/pipewire.conf.in|pipewire.conf.in]]
-  gio open '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf'
-  nano '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf'
-===== WirePlumber Settings Reset =====
-  sudo rm -Rf ~gdm/'.local/state/wireplumber' ~/'.local/state/wireplumber'
-  rm -Rf ~/'.local/state/wireplumber'
-====== GPG Keys ======
-===== Check Keys =====
-****
-  rpm -q gpg-pubkey --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}\t%{SUMMARY}\n'
-===== Remove Keys =====
-****
-  sudo rpm -e x
-====== Re-generate Thumbnails ======
-****
-  rm -Rf ~/'.cache/thumbnails'
-====== List GNOME gsettings ======
-  * Change ''x'' to schema or omit it to show all settings
-  gsettings list-recursively 'x'
-====== GNOME App Grid Reset ======
-  * [[https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2020/11/reset-gnome-shell-applications-grid|OMG! Ubuntu!]]
-  gsettings reset 'org.gnome.shell' 'app-picker-layout'
-====== GNOME Software Maintenance ======
-****
-  pkcon -c '1' refresh && pkcon update
-====== fstrim ======
-****
-  sudo fstrim --verbose --all
-====== SELinux Re-label ======
-****
-  sudo touch '/.autorelabel'
-====== tracker3 Reset ======
-****
-<code>tracker3 reset --filesystem --rss</code>
-====== GNOME Monitors Reset ======
-****
-  rm -f ~/'.config/monitors.xml' ~/'.config/monitors.xml~'
-====== PulseAudio Reset ======
-****
-  rm -f ~/'.config/pulse/'*
-====== Xorg Debug ======
-  journalctl -e _COMM='gdm-x-session'
-  gio open ~/'.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log'
-====== Verify DRI3 ======
-****
-  LIBGL_DEBUG='verbose' glxinfo | grep 'libgl'
-====== GpuTest ======
-  * https://www.geeks3d.com/gputest/
-===== Execute =====
-==== HDTV ====
-  * 1280x720
-  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'
-  cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'
-  /fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'
-=== NVIDIA Optimus ===
-****
-  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD='1' __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME='nvidia' ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'
-==== FHD ====
-  * 1920x1080
-  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1920' /height='1080'
-  cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1920' /height='1080'
-  /fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'
-==== UHDTV1 ====
-  * 3840x2160
-  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='3840' /height='2160'
-  cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='3840' /height='2160'
-  /fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'
-==== Cleanup ====
-****
-  rm -Rf '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_'* && cd ~ && sync
-====== Show Sensors ======
-****
-  sudo dnf install 'lm_sensors' -y && sudo sensors-detect --auto && sudo watch -n0.1 sensors
-====== Show CPU Frequency ======
-  grep 'MHz' '/proc/cpuinfo'
-  watch --interval '0.5' grep \'cpu MHz\' '/proc/cpuinfo'
-====== OpenSSL Supported Ciphers ======
-****
-  openssl ciphers -v | awk '{print $2}' | sort | uniq
-====== Partition Information ======
-  * Both commands present the same information
-  df -hT
-  df --human-readable --print-type
-====== Encryption Information ======
-****
-  sudo cryptsetup -v status '/dev/dm-0'
-====== ATA Secure Erase ======
-  * See [[notes:drive_wipe]]
-====== RAID ======
-===== Controller Details =====
-  * This can be used to get the OpROM version for Intel RST
-  sudo mdadm --detail-platform
-===== Create Software RAID =====
-==== Fedora Anaconda ====
-  * :!: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1897350
-  * Compared to old notes, the RAID device needs to be under ''/dev/md/'' instead of just ''/dev/'' to appear on Anaconda
-  * 2024/01: On the computer this was tested on ((Dell Latitude 5591)), it doesn't support CSM/Legacy/BIOS boot and this takes over the entire block devices, requiring the ''/boot'' partition and boot partition flag to be on a SD Card ((only tested with Legacy External Boot; UEFI untested but theoretically also requires ''/boot'' on a SD Card since BIOS/firmware can't directly-read software RAID))
-  sudo mdadm --create '/dev/md/raid0' --name='RAID' --level='0' --raid-devices='2' '/dev/nvme0n1' '/dev/sda' --verbose
-==== Old ====
-  * :?: Came from old notes; this used to work for an Acer Predator laptop that had 3 SSDs
-  sudo mdadm --create '/dev/md0' --name='RAID' --level='0' --raid-devices='3' '/dev/sda' '/dev/sdb' '/dev/sdc' --verbose
-====== Fix MacBook Battery CPU Throttling ======
-  * 2023/07/17: This solves a MacBook Pro Mid-2010 with Intel C2D from being stuck at 1.5GHz CPU due to a missing internal battery, by unlocking full-performance
-  sudo dnf install 'msr-tools'
-  sudo wrmsr --all '0x1A0' '0x4000850089'
-===== Verify =====
-  * ''0x4000850089'' is the expected value
-  sudo rdmsr --all '0x1A0'
-====== VGA Switcheroo Power States ======
-  * https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus
-  sudo cat '/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch'
-====== ACPI Tables ======
-****
-  sudo strings '/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT' | grep -i 'windows ' | sort
-===== Old Method =====
-  * Provides more information as to what certain ''_OSI'' values do and how they compare
-  * In ''dsdt.dsl'', look for ''_OSI'' values, along with ''Windows'' and ''Linux''
-  sudo dnf install 'acpica-tools'
-  sudo cp --force '/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT' ~/'dsdt.dat'
-  cd ~ && iasl -d ~/'dsdt.dat'
-  gio open ~/'dsdt.dsl'
-  sudo dnf remove 'acpica-tools' && sync
-====== Display EDID Info ======
-  * https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/114398
-  sudo dnf install 'monitor-edid'
-  monitor-edid
-====== Custom Resolutions ======
-===== Generate Modeline =====
-  * Use ''--reduced'' only for LCD/Non-CRT displays, and only as-needed ((useful for reducing amount of bandwidth over cables, particularly in-case of unstable 4k@60Hz set-ups))
-  * Syntax is ''horizontal'' (width), ''vertical'' (height) and ''refresh rate''
-  cvt '3840' '2160' '60'
-  cvt --reduced '3840' '2160' '60'
-<code>--reduced</code>
-===== Temporarily Apply =====
-  * Changes are lost after reboot
-  * Values after ''--newmode'' are from the above generate command, and is everything after ''Modeline''
-  xrandr --newmode "3840x2160R"  533.00  3840 3888 3920 4000  2160 2163 2168 2222 +hsync -vsync
-  xrandr --addmode 'HDMI-A-0' '3840x2160R'
-  xrandr --output 'HDMI-A-0' --mode '3840x2160R'
-===== Verify =====
-****
-  xrandr --verbose | grep *current
-===== Permanently Apply =====
-  * ''Identifier'' is the name of the port on the GPU the display is connected to
-  * ''Modeline'' is from the above generate command, including the text ''Modeline''
-  * ''PreferredMode'' is the custom resolution name generated
-<code>
-Section "Monitor"
-    Identifier  "HDMI-A-0"
-    Modeline x
-    Option      "PreferredMode" "3840x2160R"
-EndSection</code>
-====== Backlight ======
-  * See [[notes:backlight]]
-====== HT/SMT Information ======
-****
-  grep -e "processor" -e "core id" -e "^$" /proc/cpuinfo
-====== Optimal GCC compiler flags ======
-****
-  gcc -v -E -x c -march=native -mtune=native - < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep cc1 | perl -pe 's/ -mno-\S+//g; s/^.* - //g;'
-====== Privacy ======
-===== Clear Terminal History =====
-****
-  history -cw
-===== Create 7z Password Archive =====
-  * Change ''7ZIPNAME'' in ''7ZIPNAME.7z'' to the desired archive name
-  * Change ''PASS'' in ''-pPASS'' to the desired password
-  * Change ''x'' to the file or folder to add to the archive
-za a '7ZIPNAME.7z' -p'PASS' 'x'
-za a 'x.7z' -p'x' 'x'
-===== oathtool =====
-  * ''x'' is a secret without ''&digits=6''
-  sudo apt install 'oathtool'
-  sudo dnf install 'oathtool'
-  oathtool --totp -b 'x'
-===== Remove EXIF data =====
-  sudo apt install 'libimage-exiftool-perl'
-  sudo dnf install 'perl-Image-ExifTool'
-  exiftool -all= *.* -overwrite_original