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====== Information ======

  * Miscellaneous commands, paths, info, and syntax for Linux
  * Most of this was previously under the "Notable Folders and Commands" section at the bottom of distro notes

====== Extract ISO ======

  * ''D'' is the destination you want the extracted files to go
  * ''x'' is the ISO you want to extract files from
  * No space after the ''-o'' flag is intentional
  * This is primarily useful for copying Windows ISO images to a FAT32 flash drive

  7z x -o'D' -y x

  7z x -o'/run/media/espionage724/LTSC 2019' -y '/home/espionage724/Downloads/en_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x64_dvd_be3c8ffb.iso' && sync && sync

====== yt-dlp ======

  * https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp

===== Download =====

****

  rm -f '/tmp/yt-dlp' && wget -O '/tmp/yt-dlp' 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp' && chmod +x '/tmp/yt-dlp'

===== Show Formats =====

  * Change ''x'' to a URL

  '/tmp/yt-dlp' --list-formats x

===== Download Media =====

  * Change ''x'' to a URL
  * ''bestaudio'' can be changed to ''bestvideo'' for just video, or ''best'' for best video with audio

  '/tmp/yt-dlp' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' x

==== M4A Audio ====

  * Ideally for if iOS devices will be involved

  '/tmp/yt-dlp' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' --audio-format 'm4a' x

==== MP3 Audio ====

****

  '/tmp/yt-dlp' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' --audio-format 'mp3' x

====== Shortcuts ======

  /usr/share/applications

  ~/.local/share/applications

====== Icons ======

  /usr/share/icons/hicolor

  ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor

====== Fedora ======

===== Anaconda Module Blacklists =====

****

  sudo -e '/etc/modprobe.d/anaconda-blacklist.conf'

===== YUM/DNF Repos =====

****

  gio open '/etc/yum.repos.d'

===== DNF History =====

==== Transaction IDs ====

****

  sudo dnf history

==== Undo ====

  * Change ''x'' to a transaction ID found above

  sudo dnf history undo x

===== DNF Autoremove Fix =====

  * Removes the initially-installed kernel in order to fix ''dnf autoremove'' if it's broken
  * :!: This will vary depending on the Fedora image version used

  sudo dnf list --installed 'kernel'*

  sudo dnf remove *5.3.7* && sync

====== openSUSE ======

===== Zypper =====

==== Find Orphans ====

****

  zypper packages --orphaned

==== Remove Package and Deps ====

****

  sudo zypper remove --clean-deps 'x'

==== Show Installed Patterns ====

****

  sudo zypper patterns --installed-only

==== Folder ====

****

  ls '/etc/zypp/repos.d'

==== List ====

****

  zypper repos --priority

====== Firewalld ======

===== List Active Rules =====

****

  sudo firewall-cmd --list-all

===== List Available Services =====

****

  sudo firewall-cmd --get-services

===== Show Service Info =====

  * Change ''x'' to name of a service from above
  * This shows what ports and protocols a service covers

  sudo firewall-cmd --info-service=x

===== Reload =====

****

  sudo firewall-cmd --reload

===== Add/Remove Service =====

  * Add ''--permanent'' as-needed to allow the rule to persist

  sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=x

  sudo firewall-cmd --remove-service=x

===== Add/Remove Port =====

  * Add ''--permanent'' as-needed to allow the rule to persist
  * Change ''tcp'' to ''udp'' as-needed

  sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=x/tcp

  sudo firewall-cmd --remove-port=x/tcp

====== PipeWire ======

===== Set Default Rate =====

  mkdir -p ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d' && nano ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'

<code>
context.properties = {
    default.clock.rate          = 192000
    default.clock.allowed-rates = [ 44100 48000 88200 96000 192000 ]
}</code>

===== User Config =====

  * Copy main config to user folder

  mkdir -p ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d' && cp '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf' ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'

  nano ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'

===== Read Main Config =====

  * [[https://github.com/PipeWire/pipewire/blob/master/src/daemon/pipewire.conf.in|pipewire.conf.in]]

  gio open '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf'

  nano '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf'

===== WirePlumber Settings Reset =====

  sudo rm -Rf ~gdm/'.local/state/wireplumber' ~/'.local/state/wireplumber'

  rm -Rf ~/'.local/state/wireplumber'

====== GPG Keys ======

===== Check Keys =====

****

  rpm -q gpg-pubkey --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}\t%{SUMMARY}\n'

===== Remove Keys =====

****

  sudo rpm -e x

====== Re-generate Thumbnails ======

****

  rm -Rf ~/'.cache/thumbnails'

====== List GNOME gsettings ======

  * Change ''x'' to schema or omit it to show all settings

  gsettings list-recursively 'x'

====== GNOME App Grid Reset ======

  * [[https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2020/11/reset-gnome-shell-applications-grid|OMG! Ubuntu!]]

  gsettings reset 'org.gnome.shell' 'app-picker-layout'

====== GNOME Software Maintenance ======

****

  pkcon -c '1' refresh && pkcon update

====== fstrim ======

****

  sudo fstrim --verbose --all

====== SELinux Re-label ======

****

  sudo touch '/.autorelabel'

====== tracker3 Reset ======

****

<code>tracker3 reset --filesystem --rss</code>

====== GNOME Monitors Reset ======

****

  rm -f ~/'.config/monitors.xml' ~/'.config/monitors.xml~'

====== PulseAudio Reset ======

****

  rm -f ~/'.config/pulse/'*

====== Xorg Debug ======

  journalctl -e _COMM='gdm-x-session'

  gio open ~/'.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log'

  mousepad '/var/log/Xorg.0.log'

====== Verify DRI3 ======

****

  LIBGL_DEBUG='verbose' glxinfo | grep 'libgl'

====== GpuTest ======

  * https://www.geeks3d.com/gputest/

===== Execute =====

==== HDTV ====

  * 1280x720

  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'

  cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'

  /fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'

=== NVIDIA Optimus ===

****

  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD='1' __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME='nvidia' ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'

==== FHD ====

  * 1920x1080

  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1920' /height='1080'

  cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1920' /height='1080'

  /fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'

==== UHDTV1 ====

  * 3840x2160

  wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='3840' /height='2160'

  cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='3840' /height='2160'

  /fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'

==== Cleanup ====

****

  rm -Rf '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_'* && cd ~ && sync

====== Show Sensors ======

****

  sudo dnf install 'lm_sensors' -y && sudo sensors-detect --auto && sudo watch -n0.1 sensors

====== Show CPU Frequency ======

  grep 'MHz' '/proc/cpuinfo'

  watch --interval '0.5' grep \'cpu MHz\' '/proc/cpuinfo'

====== OpenSSL Supported Ciphers ======

****

  openssl ciphers -v | awk '{print $2}' | sort | uniq

====== Partition Information ======

  * Both commands present the same information

  df -hT

  df --human-readable --print-type

====== Encryption Information ======

****

  sudo cryptsetup -v status '/dev/dm-0'

====== ATA Secure Erase ======

  * See [[notes:drive_wipe]]

====== RAID ======

===== Controller Details =====

  * This can be used to get the OpROM version for Intel RST

  sudo mdadm --detail-platform

===== Create Software RAID =====

==== Fedora Anaconda ====

  * :!: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1897350
  * Compared to old notes, the RAID device needs to be under ''/dev/md/'' instead of just ''/dev/'' to appear on Anaconda
  * 2024/01: On the computer this was tested on ((Dell Latitude 5591)), it doesn't support CSM/Legacy/BIOS boot and this takes over the entire block devices, requiring the ''/boot'' partition and boot partition flag to be on a SD Card ((only tested with Legacy External Boot; UEFI untested but theoretically also requires ''/boot'' on a SD Card since BIOS/firmware can't directly-read software RAID))

  sudo mdadm --create '/dev/md/raid0' --name='RAID' --level='0' --raid-devices='2' '/dev/nvme0n1' '/dev/sda' --verbose

==== Old ====

  * :?: Came from old notes; this used to work for an Acer Predator laptop that had 3 SSDs

  sudo mdadm --create '/dev/md0' --name='RAID' --level='0' --raid-devices='3' '/dev/sda' '/dev/sdb' '/dev/sdc' --verbose

====== Fix MacBook Battery CPU Throttling ======

  * 2023/07/17: This solves a MacBook Pro Mid-2010 with Intel C2D from being stuck at 1.5GHz CPU due to a missing internal battery, by unlocking full-performance

  sudo dnf install 'msr-tools'

  sudo wrmsr --all '0x1A0' '0x4000850089'

===== Verify =====

  * ''0x4000850089'' is the expected value

  sudo rdmsr --all '0x1A0'

====== VGA Switcheroo Power States ======

  * https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus

  sudo cat '/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch'

====== ACPI Tables ======

****

  sudo strings '/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT' | grep -i 'windows ' | sort

===== Old Method =====

  * Provides more information as to what certain ''_OSI'' values do and how they compare
  * In ''dsdt.dsl'', look for ''_OSI'' values, along with ''Windows'' and ''Linux''

  sudo dnf install 'acpica-tools'

  sudo cp --force '/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT' ~/'dsdt.dat'

  cd ~ && iasl -d ~/'dsdt.dat'

  gio open ~/'dsdt.dsl'

  sudo dnf remove 'acpica-tools' && sync

====== Display EDID Info ======

  * https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/114398

  sudo dnf install 'monitor-edid'

  monitor-edid

====== Custom Resolutions ======

===== Generate Modeline =====

  * Use ''--reduced'' only for LCD/Non-CRT displays, and only as-needed ((useful for reducing amount of bandwidth over cables, particularly in-case of unstable 4k@60Hz set-ups))
  * Syntax is ''horizontal'' (width), ''vertical'' (height) and ''refresh rate''

  cvt '3840' '2160' '60'

  cvt --reduced '3840' '2160' '60'

<code>--reduced</code>

===== Temporarily Apply =====

  * Changes are lost after reboot
  * Values after ''--newmode'' are from the above generate command, and is everything after ''Modeline''

  xrandr --newmode "3840x2160R"  533.00  3840 3888 3920 4000  2160 2163 2168 2222 +hsync -vsync

  xrandr --addmode 'HDMI-A-0' '3840x2160R'

  xrandr --output 'HDMI-A-0' --mode '3840x2160R'

===== Verify =====

****

  xrandr --verbose | grep *current

===== Permanently Apply =====

  * ''Identifier'' is the name of the port on the GPU the display is connected to
  * ''Modeline'' is from the above generate command, including the text ''Modeline''
  * ''PreferredMode'' is the custom resolution name generated

<code>
Section "Monitor"
    Identifier  "HDMI-A-0"
    Modeline x
    Option      "PreferredMode" "3840x2160R"
EndSection</code>

====== Backlight ======

  * See [[notes:backlight]]

====== HT/SMT Information ======

****

  grep -e "processor" -e "core id" -e "^$" /proc/cpuinfo

====== Optimal GCC compiler flags ======

****

  gcc -v -E -x c -march=native -mtune=native - < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep cc1 | perl -pe 's/ -mno-\S+//g; s/^.* - //g;'

====== Privacy ======

===== Clear Terminal History =====

****

  history -cw

===== Create 7z Password Archive =====

  * Change ''7ZIPNAME'' in ''7ZIPNAME.7z'' to the desired archive name
  * Change ''PASS'' in ''-pPASS'' to the desired password
  * Change ''x'' to the file or folder to add to the archive

  7za a '7ZIPNAME.7z' -p'PASS' 'x'

  7za a 'x.7z' -p'x' 'x'

===== oathtool =====

  * ''x'' is a secret without ''&digits=6''

  sudo apt install 'oathtool'

  sudo dnf install 'oathtool'

  oathtool --totp -b 'x'

===== Remove EXIF data =====

  sudo apt install 'libimage-exiftool-perl'

  sudo dnf install 'perl-Image-ExifTool'


  exiftool -all= *.* -overwrite_original