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| notes:drive_wipe [2024/05/02 18:27] – Sean Rhone | notes:drive_wipe [2024/08/13 18:01] (current) – removed Sean Rhone |
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| ====== Information ====== | |
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| * Quick-commands to wipe drives and clear EFI variables | |
| * Notably performs full-drive TRIMs for SSDs ([[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Solid_state_drive/Memory_cell_clearing|ArchWiki]]) | |
| * Useful to perform before OS installations | |
| |
| * Ideally use [[distros:opensuse_tumbleweed_gnome#xfce|openSUSE Tumbleweed's latest XFCE image]] on LiveUSB due to it having up-to-date tools, a GUI, and USB data persistence ((can copy a command into Terminal and run it on one machine, boot the drive on another machine, and use Terminal history to re-run the command; it's quite convenient :p)) | |
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| ====== Tools ====== | |
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| <code>sudo zypper install 'nvme-cli' -y && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo apt install 'nvme-cli' -y && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo dnf install nvme-cli hdparm -y && sync</code> | |
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| ====== Suspend/Wake ====== | |
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| * Some motherboard firmware lock/freeze drives, and prevents some wipe commands from working | |
| * Unlocking drives can be done with a suspend and wake | |
| * :!: This applies to both SATA and NVMe drives | |
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| <code>sync && systemctl suspend</code> | |
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| ====== lsblk ====== | |
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| * :!: **Always** check before running anything | |
| * :!: Assume nothing; all commands below are **immediately destructive** on the block device they're ran on | |
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| <code>lsblk</code> | |
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| ====== EFI Variables ====== | |
| |
| **** | |
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| <code>sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync && sudo efibootmgr -v</code> | |
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| ====== Drive Wipe ====== | |
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| ===== Notes ===== | |
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| * 2024/05/02: TODO: Try ''nvme sanitize'' | |
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| ==== 4K Sectors ==== | |
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| * https://steamcommunity.com/discussions/forum/1/4739473745776804012/?tscn=1641033020#c3203747342915419588 | |
| * https://steamcommunity.com/discussions/forum/1/3203745634155479256 | |
| |
| * :!: Steam and Oculus were **known** to be broken with 4K sector size on Windows 11 | |
| * Steam and Oculus worked fine with 4K sector size on Windows 10 LTSC 2021 and Linux | |
| * iTunes possibly fails with 4K sectors due to Bonjour and dnssd.dll ([[https://www.techpowerup.com/forums/threads/setting-4k-sector-size-on-nvme-ssds-does-performance-actually-change.289757/page-3#post-4981622|thread]]) | |
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| * See [[#sector_size]] to check or switch to available sector disk formats | |
| |
| ===== nvme0 ===== | |
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| * :!: This is using LBA Format ''1'' for 4K sector size | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync && sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='1' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='1' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/nvme0n1'</code> | |
| |
| ==== LBA 0 ==== | |
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| * :!: This is using LBA Format ''0'' for 512 sector size | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme0n1' && sync && sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code> | |
| |
| <code>sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme0' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sync</code> | |
| |
| ===== nvme1 ===== | |
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| * :!: This is using LBA Format ''0'' | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme1n1' && sync && sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme1' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/nvme1n1' && sync</code> | |
| |
| <code>sudo nvme format '/dev/nvme1' --force --namespace-id='1' --lbaf='0' --reset --ses='1' --pil='0' --pi='0' --ms='0' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/nvme1n1'</code> | |
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| ===== sda ===== | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sda' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sda' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sda' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sda' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sda' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/sda'</code> | |
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| ===== sdb ===== | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdb' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdb' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdb' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/sdb'</code> | |
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| ===== sdc ===== | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdc' && sync && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo rm -f '/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/'* || sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo blkdiscard --force --verbose '/dev/sdc' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-erase-enhanced 'x' '/dev/sdc' && sync</code> | |
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| <code>sudo wipefs --all --force '/dev/sdc'</code> | |
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| ====== Sector Size ====== | |
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| * https://community.wd.com/t/sn550-why-it-uses-512b-sector-instead-of-4096/250724 | |
| * https://filers.blogspot.com/2018/12/how-to-format-nvme-drive.html | |
| * https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanced_Format | |
| * https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/562571/switching-hdd-sector-size-to-4096-bytes | |
| * https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Advanced_Sector_Format_of_Block_Devices | |
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| ===== NVMe ===== | |
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| <code>sudo nvme id-ns '/dev/nvme0' --namespace-id='1' --human-readable</code> | |
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| <code>sudo smartctl --all '/dev/nvme0'</code> | |
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| ===== sda ===== | |
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| <code>sudo smartctl --all '/dev/sda1'</code> | |
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| <code>sudo hdparm --set-sector-size '4096' '/dev/sda'</code> | |
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