====== Information ======
* Miscellaneous commands, paths, info, and syntax for Linux
* Most of this was previously under the "Notable Folders and Commands" section at the bottom of distro notes
====== Extract ISO ======
* ''D'' is the destination you want the extracted files to go
* ''x'' is the ISO you want to extract files from
* No space after the ''-o'' flag is intentional
* This is primarily useful for copying Windows ISO images to a FAT32 flash drive
7z x -o'D' -y x
7z x -o'/run/media/espionage724/LTSC 2019' -y '/home/espionage724/Downloads/en_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x64_dvd_be3c8ffb.iso' && sync && sync
====== yt-dlp ======
* https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp
===== Download =====
****
rm -f '/tmp/yt-dlp' && wget -O '/tmp/yt-dlp' 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp' && chmod +x '/tmp/yt-dlp'
===== Show Formats =====
* Change ''x'' to a URL
'/tmp/yt-dlp' --list-formats x
===== Download Media =====
* Change ''x'' to a URL
* ''bestaudio'' can be changed to ''bestvideo'' for just video, or ''best'' for best video with audio
'/tmp/yt-dlp' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' x
==== M4A Audio ====
* Ideally for if iOS devices will be involved
'/tmp/yt-dlp' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' --audio-format 'm4a' x
==== MP3 Audio ====
****
'/tmp/yt-dlp' --extract-audio --format 'bestaudio' --audio-format 'mp3' x
====== Shortcuts ======
/usr/share/applications
~/.local/share/applications
====== Icons ======
/usr/share/icons/hicolor
~/.local/share/icons/hicolor
====== Fedora ======
===== Anaconda Module Blacklists =====
****
sudo -e '/etc/modprobe.d/anaconda-blacklist.conf'
===== YUM/DNF Repos =====
****
gio open '/etc/yum.repos.d'
===== DNF History =====
==== Transaction IDs ====
****
sudo dnf history
==== Undo ====
* Change ''x'' to a transaction ID found above
sudo dnf history undo x
===== DNF Autoremove Fix =====
* Removes the initially-installed kernel in order to fix ''dnf autoremove'' if it's broken
* :!: This will vary depending on the Fedora image version used
sudo dnf list --installed 'kernel'*
sudo dnf remove *5.3.7* && sync
====== openSUSE ======
===== Zypper =====
==== Find Orphans ====
****
zypper packages --orphaned
==== Remove Package and Deps ====
****
sudo zypper remove --clean-deps 'x'
==== Show Installed Patterns ====
****
sudo zypper patterns --installed-only
==== Folder ====
****
ls '/etc/zypp/repos.d'
==== List ====
****
zypper repos --priority
====== Firewalld ======
===== List Active Rules =====
****
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
===== List Available Services =====
****
sudo firewall-cmd --get-services
===== Show Service Info =====
* Change ''x'' to name of a service from above
* This shows what ports and protocols a service covers
sudo firewall-cmd --info-service=x
===== Reload =====
****
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
===== Add/Remove Service =====
* Add ''--permanent'' as-needed to allow the rule to persist
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=x
sudo firewall-cmd --remove-service=x
===== Add/Remove Port =====
* Add ''--permanent'' as-needed to allow the rule to persist
* Change ''tcp'' to ''udp'' as-needed
sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=x/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --remove-port=x/tcp
====== PipeWire ======
===== Set Default Rate =====
mkdir -p ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d' && nano ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'
context.properties = {
default.clock.rate = 192000
default.clock.allowed-rates = [ 44100 48000 88200 96000 192000 ]
}
===== User Config =====
* Copy main config to user folder
mkdir -p ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d' && cp '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf' ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'
nano ~/'.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/99-custom.conf'
===== Read Main Config =====
* [[https://github.com/PipeWire/pipewire/blob/master/src/daemon/pipewire.conf.in|pipewire.conf.in]]
gio open '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf'
nano '/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf'
===== WirePlumber Settings Reset =====
sudo rm -Rf ~gdm/'.local/state/wireplumber' ~/'.local/state/wireplumber'
rm -Rf ~/'.local/state/wireplumber'
====== GPG Keys ======
===== Check Keys =====
****
rpm -q gpg-pubkey --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}\t%{SUMMARY}\n'
===== Remove Keys =====
****
sudo rpm -e x
====== Re-generate Thumbnails ======
****
rm -Rf ~/'.cache/thumbnails'
====== List GNOME gsettings ======
* Change ''x'' to schema or omit it to show all settings
gsettings list-recursively 'x'
====== GNOME App Grid Reset ======
* [[https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2020/11/reset-gnome-shell-applications-grid|OMG! Ubuntu!]]
gsettings reset 'org.gnome.shell' 'app-picker-layout'
====== GNOME Software Maintenance ======
****
pkcon -c '1' refresh && pkcon update
====== fstrim ======
****
sudo fstrim --verbose --all
====== SELinux Re-label ======
****
sudo touch '/.autorelabel'
====== tracker3 Reset ======
****
tracker3 reset --filesystem --rss
====== GNOME Monitors Reset ======
****
rm -f ~/'.config/monitors.xml' ~/'.config/monitors.xml~'
====== PulseAudio Reset ======
****
rm -f ~/'.config/pulse/'*
====== Xorg Debug ======
journalctl -e _COMM='gdm-x-session'
gio open ~/'.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log'
mousepad '/var/log/Xorg.0.log'
====== Verify DRI3 ======
****
LIBGL_DEBUG='verbose' glxinfo | grep 'libgl'
====== GpuTest ======
* https://www.geeks3d.com/gputest/
===== Execute =====
==== HDTV ====
* 1280x720
wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'
cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'
/fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'
=== NVIDIA Optimus ===
****
wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD='1' __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME='nvidia' ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1280' /height='720'
==== FHD ====
* 1920x1080
wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1920' /height='1080'
cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='1920' /height='1080'
/fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'
==== UHDTV1 ====
* 3840x2160
wget -O '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' 'http://www.ozone3d.net/gputest/dl/GpuTest_Linux_x64_0.7.0.zip' && unzip '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64.zip' -d '/tmp' && cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='3840' /height='2160'
cd '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_x64_'* && ./GpuTest /test='fur' /width='3840' /height='2160'
/fullscreen /benchmark /benchmark_duration_ms='15000'
==== Cleanup ====
****
rm -Rf '/tmp/GpuTest_Linux_'* && cd ~ && sync
====== Show Sensors ======
****
sudo dnf install 'lm_sensors' -y && sudo sensors-detect --auto && sudo watch -n0.1 sensors
====== Show CPU Frequency ======
grep 'MHz' '/proc/cpuinfo'
watch --interval '0.5' grep \'cpu MHz\' '/proc/cpuinfo'
====== OpenSSL Supported Ciphers ======
****
openssl ciphers -v | awk '{print $2}' | sort | uniq
====== Partition Information ======
* Both commands present the same information
df -hT
df --human-readable --print-type
====== Encryption Information ======
****
sudo cryptsetup -v status '/dev/dm-0'
====== ATA Secure Erase ======
* See [[notes:drive_wipe]]
====== RAID ======
===== Controller Details =====
* This can be used to get the OpROM version for Intel RST
sudo mdadm --detail-platform
===== Create Software RAID =====
==== Fedora Anaconda ====
* :!: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1897350
* Compared to old notes, the RAID device needs to be under ''/dev/md/'' instead of just ''/dev/'' to appear on Anaconda
* 2024/01: On the computer this was tested on ((Dell Latitude 5591)), it doesn't support CSM/Legacy/BIOS boot and this takes over the entire block devices, requiring the ''/boot'' partition and boot partition flag to be on a SD Card ((only tested with Legacy External Boot; UEFI untested but theoretically also requires ''/boot'' on a SD Card since BIOS/firmware can't directly-read software RAID))
sudo mdadm --create '/dev/md/raid0' --name='RAID' --level='0' --raid-devices='2' '/dev/nvme0n1' '/dev/sda' --verbose
==== Old ====
* :?: Came from old notes; this used to work for an Acer Predator laptop that had 3 SSDs
sudo mdadm --create '/dev/md0' --name='RAID' --level='0' --raid-devices='3' '/dev/sda' '/dev/sdb' '/dev/sdc' --verbose
====== Fix MacBook Battery CPU Throttling ======
* 2023/07/17: This solves a MacBook Pro Mid-2010 with Intel C2D from being stuck at 1.5GHz CPU due to a missing internal battery, by unlocking full-performance
sudo dnf install 'msr-tools'
sudo wrmsr --all '0x1A0' '0x4000850089'
===== Verify =====
* ''0x4000850089'' is the expected value
sudo rdmsr --all '0x1A0'
====== VGA Switcheroo Power States ======
* https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus
sudo cat '/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch'
====== ACPI Tables ======
****
sudo strings '/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT' | grep -i 'windows ' | sort
===== Old Method =====
* Provides more information as to what certain ''_OSI'' values do and how they compare
* In ''dsdt.dsl'', look for ''_OSI'' values, along with ''Windows'' and ''Linux''
sudo dnf install 'acpica-tools'
sudo cp --force '/sys/firmware/acpi/tables/DSDT' ~/'dsdt.dat'
cd ~ && iasl -d ~/'dsdt.dat'
gio open ~/'dsdt.dsl'
sudo dnf remove 'acpica-tools' && sync
====== Display EDID Info ======
* https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/114398
sudo dnf install 'monitor-edid'
monitor-edid
====== Custom Resolutions ======
===== Generate Modeline =====
* Use ''--reduced'' only for LCD/Non-CRT displays, and only as-needed ((useful for reducing amount of bandwidth over cables, particularly in-case of unstable 4k@60Hz set-ups))
* Syntax is ''horizontal'' (width), ''vertical'' (height) and ''refresh rate''
cvt '3840' '2160' '60'
cvt --reduced '3840' '2160' '60'
--reduced
===== Temporarily Apply =====
* Changes are lost after reboot
* Values after ''--newmode'' are from the above generate command, and is everything after ''Modeline''
xrandr --newmode "3840x2160R" 533.00 3840 3888 3920 4000 2160 2163 2168 2222 +hsync -vsync
xrandr --addmode 'HDMI-A-0' '3840x2160R'
xrandr --output 'HDMI-A-0' --mode '3840x2160R'
===== Verify =====
****
xrandr --verbose | grep *current
===== Permanently Apply =====
* ''Identifier'' is the name of the port on the GPU the display is connected to
* ''Modeline'' is from the above generate command, including the text ''Modeline''
* ''PreferredMode'' is the custom resolution name generated
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "HDMI-A-0"
Modeline x
Option "PreferredMode" "3840x2160R"
EndSection
====== Backlight ======
* See [[notes:backlight]]
====== HT/SMT Information ======
****
grep -e "processor" -e "core id" -e "^$" /proc/cpuinfo
====== Optimal GCC compiler flags ======
****
gcc -v -E -x c -march=native -mtune=native - < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep cc1 | perl -pe 's/ -mno-\S+//g; s/^.* - //g;'
====== Privacy ======
===== Clear Terminal History =====
****
history -cw
===== Create 7z Password Archive =====
* Change ''7ZIPNAME'' in ''7ZIPNAME.7z'' to the desired archive name
* Change ''PASS'' in ''-pPASS'' to the desired password
* Change ''x'' to the file or folder to add to the archive
7za a '7ZIPNAME.7z' -p'PASS' 'x'
7za a 'x.7z' -p'x' 'x'
===== oathtool =====
* ''x'' is a secret without ''&digits=6''
sudo apt install 'oathtool'
sudo dnf install 'oathtool'
oathtool --totp -b 'x'
===== Remove EXIF data =====
sudo apt install 'libimage-exiftool-perl'
sudo dnf install 'perl-Image-ExifTool'
exiftool -all= *.* -overwrite_original